He was a grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. He was reluctant to undertake the task, especially in the light of his existing strong position in Leipzig. [11], Mendelssohn grew up in an intellectual environment. When he was seven, his father renounced Judaism, and got the whole family baptized, changing the last name to Bartholdy. "Felix" (asterisks as provided in original text)]. Felix Mendelssohn was born on 3 February 1809, in Hamburg, at the time an independent city-state, in the same house where, a year later, the dedicatee and first performer of his Violin Concerto, Ferdinand David, would be born. [27] In 1824 the 15-year-old wrote his first symphony for full orchestra (in C minor, Op. [150], Mendelssohn wrote some Singspiele for family performance in his youth. Felix Mendelssohn (1809 - 1847) Mendelssohn's short life (February 3, 1809 - November 4, 1847) for the most part justified his name, Felix, which means "happy, lucky" and from which we get the word "felicitous." [61] He made ten visits to Britain, lasting about 20 months; he won a strong following, which enabled him to make a good impression on British musical life. 2 in F minor and Op. In 1869, Lind erected a plaque in Mendelssohn's memory at his birthplace in Hamburg. Meanwhile he had visited Switzerland and had met Carl Maria von Weber, whose opera Der Freischütz, given in Berlin in 1821, encouraged him to develop a national character in music. 26, (also known as Fingal's Cave overture), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave. But unlike his treacherous father, Felix did not completely renounce his Jewish roots. [30], In 1824 Mendelssohn studied under the composer and piano virtuoso Ignaz Moscheles, who confessed in his diaries[31] that he had little to teach him. "[192] In 1851 an adulatory novel by the teenaged Elizabeth Sara Sheppard was published, Charles Auchester. Mendelssohn’s grandfather Moses was a noted Jewish philosopher and mathematician and leader and founder of the liberal school of Jewish thinkers of his day, to whom the obnoxious name rationalistic or enlightenment was freely applied. Lind's talent was unlimited, turned round and looked at me, as if a load of anxiety had been taken off his mind. The Overture is perhaps the earliest example of a concert overture – that is, a piece not written deliberately to accompany a staged performance but to evoke a literary theme in performance on a concert platform; this was a genre which became a popular form in musical Romanticism. Felix Mendelssohn was born on February 3, 1809 in Hamburg and grew up in Berlin. 1809 … J.S. Was he supportive of her musical career? His life showed little of the storms that marked Beethoven's or the stresses of Berlioz's. 33 Julius Schubring, Reminiscence of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Feb 3, 1866 in Musical World 31, (12 and 19 May 1866) R. Larry Todd, Mendelssohn and His World, 227. In 1821 Zelter introduced Mendelssohn to his friend and correspondent, the elderly Goethe, who was greatly impressed by the child, leading to perhaps the earliest confirmed comparison with Mozart in the following conversation with Zelter: Felix was invited to meet Goethe on several later occasions and set … Nevertheless, he points out how the dramatic power of "the juncture of religion and music" in Mendelssohn's oratorios is reflected throughout the music of the next fifty years in the operas of Meyerbeer and Giuseppe Verdi and in Wagner's Parsifal. [67], On Mendelssohn's eighth British visit in the summer of 1844, he conducted five of the Philharmonic concerts in London, and wrote: "[N]ever before was anything like this season – we never went to bed before half-past one, every hour of every day was filled with engagements three weeks beforehand, and I got through more music in two months than in all the rest of the year." 64, first movement, Felix Mendelssohn. [59] After Mendelssohn's death in 1847, his musically conservative tradition was carried on when Moscheles succeeded him as head of the Conservatory. [55], When Friedrich Wilhelm IV came to the Prussian throne in 1840 with ambitions to develop Berlin as a cultural centre (including the establishment of a music school, and reform of music for the church), the obvious choice to head these reforms was Mendelssohn. A grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family. This includes a modern and fully researched catalogue of his works, the Mendelssohn-Werkverzeichnis (MWV). The eight volumes of Songs Without Words, each consisting of six songs , were written at various points throughout Mendelssohn's life, and were … Technical details about the music were not going to do the trick. But is there in art any originality of genius without naïveté? [163] In 1842, this resulted in an embarrassing moment when Queen Victoria, receiving Felix at Buckingham Palace, expressed her intention of singing to the composer her favourite of his songs, Italien (to words by Franz Grillparzer), which Felix confessed was by Fanny. Fanny Hensel and Kurt Masur are celebrated in Felix Mendelssohn's last residence in Leipzig, just around the … When founded in 1843 this institution was officially known as the "Leipziger Konservatorium der Musik". [203] Mercer-Taylor comments on the irony that "this broad-based reevaluation of Mendelssohn's music is made possible, in part, by a general disintegration of the idea of a musical canon", an idea which Mendelssohn "as a conductor, pianist and scholar" had done so much to establish. Mendelssohn's solution to this problem was less sensational than Berlioz's approach, but was rooted in changing the structural balance of the formal components of the movement. Mendelssohn’s great work of this period was the String Octet in E Flat Major (1825), displaying not only technical mastery and an almost unprecedented lightness of touch but great melodic and rhythmic originality. Mendelssohn’s music is consistently measured by a Beethovenian yardstick and, more often than not, his music is found to be unfit to live up to this aesthetic model. The second youngest child, Felix August, contracted measles in 1844 and was left with impaired health; he died in 1851. Throughout his short career he remained comfortably faithful to the musical status quo – that is, the "classical" forms, as they were already thought of by his time. The monument dedicated to Mendelssohn erected in Leipzig in 1892 was removed by the Nazis in 1936. "[37], Mendelssohn was invited to meet Goethe on several later occasions,[38] and set a number of Goethe's poems to music. Mendelssohn's advocacy was the single most important factor in the revival of Bach's vocal music in the 19th century, most famously realized in the 1829 performance of the St. Matthew Passion at the Berlin Singakadamie. First, in the course of my research, I learned that it had been inspired by Mendelssohn’s … In 1833 Mendelssohn was in London again to conduct his Italian Symphony (Symphony No. These years proved to be the germination for some of his most famous works, including the Hebrides Overture and the Scottish and Italian symphonies. A replacement was erected in 2012. He was the grandson of the famous German philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Top Answer. Richard Taruskin writes that, although Mendelssohn produced works of extraordinary mastery at a very early age, he never outgrew his precocious youthful style. His father was a banker with his mother giving him his first introduction to music. The next year he reached his full stature as a composer with the Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream. [144], The musicologist Glenn Stanley observes that "[u]nlike Brahms, unlike his contemporaries Schumann, Chopin and Liszt, and unlike [his] revered past masters....Mendelssohn did not regard the piano as a preferred medium for his most significant artistic statements". (Letter to Rebecka Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Soden, 22 July 1844). [...] He remained stylistically conservative [...] feeling no need to attract attention with a display of "revolutionary" novelty. [68] On subsequent visits Mendelssohn met Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert, himself a composer, who both greatly admired his music. 4, the “Italian.” Because the notes were to be given live, I wanted to make sure they’d be especially interesting to a general audience. In later years Felix's father humorously referred to himself as "formerly the son of my father and now the father of my son." The composer Felix Mendelssohn, then visiting Paris as part of his European grand tour, could count himself among the fortunate, for he contracted only a mild case and recovered. The fizzing pace of Mendelssohn’s day- to-day life accelerated still further when his father suggested it was time for him to undertake the Grand Tour Of Europe, then considered mandatory for any aspiring young gentleman of fine breeding. The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche expressed consistent admiration for Mendelssohn's music, in contrast to his general scorn for "Teutonic" Romanticism: At any rate, the whole music of romanticism [e.g. Appreciation of Mendelssohn's work has developed over the last 50 years, together with the publication of a number of biographies placing his achievements in context. For a modern example see, It was the only statue in the Palace made of bronze and the only one to survive the 1936 fire that destroyed the Palace. Or so thought many of … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. One of the pieces was to be Felix Mendelssohn’s Symphony No. Felix was a German composer, pianist, musical conductor, teacher, and one of … Less than six months later, on 4 November, aged 38, Mendelssohn died in Leipzig after a series of strokes. [119][120], His first published works were his three piano quartets (1822–1825; Op. [34][n 5] This translation also qualified Mendelssohn to study at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where from 1826 to 1829 he attended lectures on aesthetics by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, on history by Eduard Gans, and on geography by Carl Ritter.[36]. Mendelssohn left the theatre before the conclusion of the first performance, and subsequent performances were cancelled. [190][191], Mendelssohn's reputation in Britain remained high throughout the 19th century. Felix Mendelssohn, in full Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, (born February 3, 1809, Hamburg [Germany]—died November 4, 1847, Leipzig), German composer, pianist, musical conductor, and teacher, one of the most-celebrated figures of the early Romantic period. 1 in C minor, Op. Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy - Der 95. [102][108], Something of Mendelssohn's intense attachment to his personal vision of music is conveyed in his comments to a correspondent who suggested converting some of the Songs Without Words into lieder by adding texts: "What [the] music I love expresses to me, are not thoughts that are too indefinite for me to put into words, but on the contrary, too definite. Bach in 1805 at an auction in Hamburg. Tempo? [17] In 1829, his sister Fanny wrote to him of "Bartholdy [...] this name that we all dislike". Listen to a live recording of the concert on WRTI 90.1 FM or online at wrti.org on Good Friday, April 3, at noon! "[n 14][109], Schumann wrote of Mendelssohn that he was "the Mozart of the nineteenth century, the most brilliant musician, the one who most clearly sees through the contradictions of the age and for the first time reconciles them. As children, Fanny and Felix were equally considered as the two most talented young prodigies in Europe. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. When did Mendelssohn live. [25] Between the ages of 12 and 14, Mendelssohn wrote 12 string symphonies for such concerts, and a number of chamber works. "[113] This approach was recognized by Mendelssohn himself, who wrote that, in his meetings with Goethe, he gave the poet "historical exhibitions" at the keyboard; "every morning, for about an hour, I have to play a variety of works by great composers in chronological order, and must explain to him how they contributed to the advance of music. Music The Mendelssohn House in Leipzig turns 20. Bach. Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia . Young Felix became a Christian. 11). [175] One critic who was not impressed was Richard Wagner; he accused Mendelssohn of using tempos in his performances of Beethoven symphonies that were far too fast. Alan Harler. [24] He was a prolific composer from an early age. Cécile was in part responsible for a crucial addition to her husband's repertory. The order of composition is: 1, 5, 4, 2, 3. The year 1827 saw the premiere – and sole performance in his lifetime – of Mendelssohn's opera Die Hochzeit des Camacho. [97] The eldest, Carl Mendelssohn Bartholdy (7 February 1838 – 23 February 1897), became a historian, and Professor of History at Heidelberg and Freiburg universities; he died in a psychiatric institution in Freiburg aged 59. [122] These four works show an intuitive command of form, harmony, counterpoint, colour, and compositional technique, which in the opinion of R. Larry Todd justifies claims frequently made that Mendelssohn's precocity exceeded even that of Mozart in its intellectual grasp. He died in 1847, after a long bout of ill health and a series of strokes. At the time of his death, Felix Mendelssohn had reached the zenith of the European cultural world, which included his … This may have been because of Mendelssohn's youth, and fear of possible innovations; it was also suspected by some to be attributable to his Jewish ancestry. [n 17] Recordings of virtually all of Mendelssohn's published works are now available, and his works are frequently heard in the concert hall and on broadcasts. It also led to one of the few explicit references which Mendelssohn made to his origins: "To think that it took an actor and a Jew's son to revive the greatest Christian music for the world! [138] His incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream (Op. He went there “with a rake for folksongs, an ear for the lovely, fragrant countryside, and a heart for the bare legs of the natives.” At Abbotsford he met Sir Walter Scott. Moscheles preserved this conservative attitude at the Leipzig Conservatory until his own death in 1870. At the time of these visits, the character of his music was held to be predominantly Victorian, and indeed he eventually became the favourite composer of Queen Victoria herself. Mendelssohn's short life (February 3, 1809 - November 4, 1847) for the most part justified his name, Felix, which means "happy, lucky" and from which we get the word "felicitous." This piece evokes Scotland's atmosphere in the ethos of Romanticism, but does not employ any identified Scottish folk melodies. A replacement was erected in 2008. But it was not considered proper, by either Abraham or Felix, for a woman to pursue a career in music, so she remained an active but non-professional musician. [176], Mendelssohn's interest in baroque music was not limited to the Bach St Matthew Passion which he had revived in 1829. Among those appreciating Mendelssohn's conducting was Hector Berlioz, who in 1843, invited to Leipzig, exchanged batons with Mendelssohn, writing "When the Great Spirit sends us to hunt in the land of souls, may our warriors hang our tomahawks side by side at the door of the council chamber". See Answer. [15] In an 1829 letter to Felix, Abraham explained that adopting the Bartholdy name was meant to demonstrate a decisive break with the traditions of his father Moses: "There can no more be a Christian Mendelssohn than there can be a Jewish Confucius". He visited Fingal's Cave, on the Hebridean isle of Staffa, as part of his Grand Tour of Europe, and was so impressed that he scribbled the opening theme of the overture on the spot, including it in a letter he wrote home the same evening. First, that his inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters,[111] although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early Romanticism in the music of Beethoven and Weber. Papers confirming their relationship had not been made public. [169] In private and public performances, Mendelssohn was celebrated for his improvisations. In 1835 he became conductor of the celebrated Gewandhaus Orchestra at Leipzig, where he not only raised the standard of orchestral playing but made Leipzig the musical capital of Germany. … [116] Whilst Mendelssohn admired Liszt's virtuosity at the keyboard, he found his music jejune. Why did Fanny publish her works under Felix's name? The Leipzig Conservatory,[n 3] which he founded, became a bastion of this anti-radical outlook. [5] Until his baptism at age seven, Mendelssohn was brought up largely without religion. [125], Mendelssohn played and composed for organ from the age of 11 until his death. The papal singers in Rome, however, were “almost all unmusical,” and Gregorian music he found unintelligible. https://howtodoright.com/17-interesting-facts-about-mendelssohn It took him five years, during which time he regularly sought David’s advice. [73], Mendelssohn suffered from poor health in the final years of his life, probably aggravated by nervous problems and overwork. 4, the “Italian.” Because the notes were to be given live, I wanted to make sure they’d be especially interesting to a general audience. 3 in A Minor–Major, or Scottish Symphony, as it is called, was dedicated to Queen Victoria. 6, the last of his string quartets and his last major work – written following the death of his sister Fanny – is, in the opinion of the historian Peter Mercer-Taylor, exceptionally powerful and eloquent. The music publisher Victor Novello, who was present, remarked "He has done some things that seem to me impossible, even after I have heard them done. Schumann opined in 1837 that his version of Psalm 42 was the "highest point that he [Mendelssohn] reached as a composer for the church. His work includes symphonies, concertos, oratories, piano and chamber music. One of his obituarists noted: "First and chiefest we esteem his pianoforte-playing, with its amazing elasticity of touch, rapidity, and power; next his scientific and vigorous organ playing [...] his triumphs on these instruments are fresh in public recollection. 67, No. 61), including the well-known "Wedding March", was written in 1843, seventeen years after the Overture. He was now a … 5, known as the Reformation. Although he did spend some time at the University of Berlin, most of his education was received through friendships and travel. This score has been seen by the scholar Heinz-Klaus Metzger as a "Jewish protest against the domination of Christianity". https://www.classiccat.net/mendelssohn-bartholdy_f/biography.php Mendelssohn met … Among his most famous works are Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1826), Italian Symphony (1833), a violin concerto (1844), two piano concerti (1831, 1837), the oratorio Elijah (1846), and several pieces of chamber music. There could not be a more worthy memory of him than the well-balanced, strong and tender heart of … His sister, Fanny, received a similar musical education and was a talented composer and pianist in her own right; some of her early songs were published under her brother's name. His essentially conservative musical tastes set him apart from more adventurous musical contemporaries such as Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Charles-Valentin Alkan and Hector Berlioz. He is said to have tailored the aria "Hear Ye Israel", in his oratorio Elijah, to Lind's voice, although she did not sing the part until after his death, at a concert in December 1848. Sarah had formed an important collection of Bach family manuscripts which she bequeathed to the Singakademie; Zelter, whose tastes in music were conservative, was also an admirer of the Bach tradition. Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born into a wealthy cultured family and, ... She was most unpretentious in her sorrow, gentle, and resigned to live for the care and education of her children. Well, here's the thing, concerned readers. [182][183], Such criticism of Mendelssohn for his very ability – which could be characterised negatively as facility – was taken to further lengths by Richard Wagner. [46] Following this rebuff, Mendelssohn divided most of his professional time over the next few years between Britain and Düsseldorf, where he was appointed musical director (his first paid post as a musician) in 1833. "[170] At another recital in 1837, where Mendelssohn played the piano for a singer, Robert Schumann ignored the soprano and wrote "Mendelssohn accompanied like a God. In contrast to most composers, Mendelssohn was raised in a luxurious lifestyle. 113 was orchestrated by the composer. 5 but completing it after both Nos. Lively details of this tour are found in his long series of letters. [82] Such fits may be related to his early death. It was probably Abraham Mendelssohn who procured the publication of this quartet by the house of Schlesinger. Mendelssohn's success, his popularity and his Jewish origins irked Wagner sufficiently to damn Mendelssohn with faint praise, three years after his death, in an anti-Jewish pamphlet Das Judenthum in der Musik:[184], [Mendelssohn] has shown us that a Jew may have the amplest store of specific talents, may own the finest and most varied culture, the highest and tenderest sense of honour – yet without all these pre-eminences helping him, were it but one single time, to call forth in us that deep, that heart-searching effect which we await from art [...] The washiness and the whimsicality of our present musical style has been [...] pushed to its utmost pitch by Mendelssohn's endeavour to speak out a vague, an almost nugatory Content as interestingly and spiritedly as possible. [123], A 2009 survey by the BBC of 16 music critics opined that Mendelssohn was the greatest composing prodigy in the history of Western classical music. His primary organ works are the Three Preludes and Fugues, Op. [87] Felix was notably reluctant, either in his letters or conversation, to comment on his innermost beliefs; his friend Devrient wrote that "[his] deep convictions were never uttered in intercourse with the world; only in rare and intimate moments did they ever appear, and then only in the slightest and most humorous allusions". Fanny Mendelssohn (14 November 1805 – 14 May 1847), later Fanny [Cäcilie] Mendelssohn Bartholdy and, after her marriage, Fanny Hensel , also referred to as Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel , was a German composer and pianist of the early Romantic era. And completely randomly, in the 1930s a man named Felix Mendelssohn – born in Brondesbury Park, London, and claiming ancestry to the original Felix – introduced Hawaiian music to the UK, touring under the name Felix Mendelssohn’s Hawaiian Serenadors. In 1822, when his parents were also baptized, the entire family adopted the surname Bartholdy, following the example of Felix’s maternal uncle, who had chosen to adopt the name of a family farm. Most of these works were long preserved in manuscript in the Prussian State Library in Berlin but are believed to have been lost in World War II. Lili married Adolf Wach, later Professor of Law at Leipzig University. [95] It is significant that the only musician with whom Mendelssohn remained a close personal friend, Ignaz Moscheles, was of an older generation and equally conservative in outlook. Tags: Felix Mendelssohn. [164][165], During his lifetime, Mendelssohn became renowned as a keyboard performer, both on the piano and organ. Until his baptism at age seven, Mendelssohn was brought up largely without religion. She sang with Frankfurt's St. Cecilia Choir and was also a talented amateur artist. However, the conservative strain in Mendelssohn, which set him apart from some of his more flamboyant contemporaries, bred a corollary condescension amongst some of them toward his music. Meter? In the meantime he had given the first performances in London of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Emperor and G Major concerti. 7 (1827). [134] He wrote other concert overtures, notably Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage (Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt, 1828), inspired by a pair of poems by Goethe[135] and The Fair Melusine (Die schöne Melusine) (1830). [13], Abraham Mendelssohn renounced the Jewish religion prior to Felix's birth; he and his wife decided not to have Felix circumcised, in contravention of the Jewish tradition. The stern voice of his father at last checked the wild torrent of words; they took him to bed, and a profound sleep of twelve hours restored him to his normal state". [115] In these ways he differed significantly from many of his contemporaries in the early Romantic period, such as Wagner, Berlioz and Franz Liszt. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "[189] The German Mendelssohn Scholarship for students at the Leipzig Conservatoire was discontinued in 1934 (and not revived until 1963). Attempts made during his visit there to interest him in Saint-Simonianism ended in embarrassing scenes. 2, to mark the celebrations in Leipzig of the supposed 400th anniversary of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg; the first performance took place on 25 June 1840. Great philanthropist and had purchased numerous compositions from C.P.E 10 ] Abraham was initially disinclined to venture into the again. Was initially disinclined to allow Felix to follow a musical career until it clear... Tour are found in his seventh year at Frankfurt? premiere – and sole performance in seventh! 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Letter to Felix of 8 July 1829 ) and Lea Mendelssohn in the final years of his contemporaries the. ] feeling No need to attract attention with a display of `` revolutionary '' novelty,. Family performance in his long series of letters clear that he was baptised a... Did Fanny live a public life as Felix did Robert Schumann to join.... The whole where did felix mendelssohn live baptized, changing the last name to Mendelssohn-Bartholdy to collapse to European... A modern and fully researched catalogue of his works, the son of a Berlin banker was Jewish! Is experimental, showing the influences of Beethoven and Carl Maria von Weber completely renounce his Jewish.. Exclusive content [ 32 ], he wrote the symphony-cantata Lobgesang ( Hymn of Praise ) in B-flat,... Charlotte Jeanrenaud, she was the reply 'you must come to be Felix Mendelssohn order of composition is:,... Parents discovered Felix ’ s Dream in concerts in Leipzig and Prince Albert March '', a...
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