On March 7, 1876, Bell was awarded U.S. patent 174,465. When the called party picks up the handset, they actuate a double-circuit switchhook (not shown) which may simultaneously disconnects the alerting device and connects the audio circuitry to the line. The parties may now converse as long as both phones remain off hook. The current is supplied through a two-wire circuit called the local loop. Signalling began in an appropriately primitive manner. Telephones have similar adjustments for inside line lengths (A8). Alexander Graham Bell demonstrating the ability of the telephone to transmit sound by electricity from Salem to Boston, Massachusetts, 1887. The first transmission of speech with a telephone occurred on March 10, 1876, from Alexander Graham Bell to Thomas Watson, which Bell transcribed in his lab notes as “Mr. The line voltages are negative compared to earth, to reduce galvanic corrosion. In later decades, their analog cellular system evolved into digital networks with greater capability and lower cost. The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell,a Scotsman who became a US citizen. This, in turn, draws direct current through the line, confirming that the called phone is now active. After World War II, the telephone networks saw rapid expansion and more efficient telephone sets, such as the model 500 telephone in the United States, were developed that permitted larger local networks centered around central offices. 1876 – Telefon. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A breakthrough new technology was the introduction of Touch-Tone signaling using push-button telephones by American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1963. Mobiltelefon mit erweitertem Funktionsumfang. A January 2005 Newsweek article suggested that Internet telephony may be "the next big thing. This causes a small portion of the microphone output to be fed back to the speaker, while the rest of the AC goes out through the phone line. The word telephone, from the Greek roots tēle, “far,” and phonē, “sound,” was applied as early as the late 17th century to the string telephone familiar to children, and it was later used to refer to the megaphone and the speaking tube, but in modern usage it refers solely to electrical devices derived from the inventions of Alexander Graham Bell and others. The sound-powered dynamic variants survived in small numbers through the 20th century in military and maritime applications, where its ability to create its own electrical power was crucial. In 1876, he invented an operational telephone, one that worked well enough that his assistant could hear him proclaim, “Mr. A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. Others even accuse Bell of stealing the basic design elements of his own telephone design from Gray. Instead of telegraphy's make-and-break signal, the telephone used a continuous variable current … Die antiken Telefone & Telegrafen aus dem Sortiment von eBay sind heute nicht mehr in Gebrauch, aber umso begehrtere Sammlerstücke. In early telephones the receiver was hung on a hook that operated the switch by opening and closing a metal contact. It was invented by Graham Bell in 1876. This system is still common, though the hook has been replaced by a cradle to hold the combined handset, enclosing both receiver and transmitter. In 1876, shortly after Bell's patent application, Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás proposed the telephone switch, which allowed for the formation of telephone exchanges, and eventually networks. An actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell in a short film, 1930. Watson—come here—I want to see you.”. The telephone is inexpensive, is simple to operate, and offers its users an immediate, personal type of communication that cannot be obtained through any other medium. A few days later, he spoke the first words ever communicated via telephone to his assistant, Thomas Watson, who was in the next room: "Mr. Watson, come here. [20] By the end of 2009, there were a total of nearly 6 billion mobile and fixed-line telephone subscribers worldwide. In manual service exchange areas, before dial service was installed, telephones had hand-cranked magneto generators to generate a ringing voltage back to the exchange or any other telephone on the same line. [16] In phones connected to common battery exchanges, the ringer box was installed under a desk, or other out-of-the-way place, since it did not need a battery or magneto. New controversies over the issue still arise from time to time. For technologies related to the telephone, see the articles mobile telephone, videophone, fax and modem. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. The ringer, or beeper, light or other device (A7), alerts the user to incoming calls. The Telephone Network Is Born Bell patented his device on March 7, 1876, and the device quickly began to spread. [12] The Bell patents were forensically victorious and commercially decisive. Bell found that this method produced a sound through intermittent currents, but in order for the telephone to work a fluctuating current reproduced sounds the best. Previous telephones required the user to operate a separate switch to connect either the voice or the bell. By 1877, construction of the first regular telephone line from Boston to Somerville, Massachusetts, had been completed. The exchange detects this current, attaches a digit receiver circuit to the line, and sends dial tone to indicate its readiness. In the 1930s, famed industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss created what many consider to be the first modern telephone: the Model 302. A telephone is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the human voice. Zu der Zeit war es noch nicht patentiert. Corrections? After the invention of the telephone in 1876, the candlestick (or desk stand) was manufactured from 1892 through the 1920's. Gerüchten zufolge nutzte man das Telefon erstmalig im Jahr 1849 in der kubanischen Stadt Havanna. telephone, for 15euro (!) In the 1890s a new smaller style of telephone was introduced, packaged in three parts. The standard voltage is 48 volts. Internet-based digital service also requires special provisions to provide the service location to the emergency services when an emergency telephone number is called. In the 1930s, telephone sets were developed that combined the bell and induction coil with the desk set, obviating a separate ringer box. When a landline telephone is inactive (on hook), the circuitry at the telephone exchange detects the absence of direct current to indicate that the line is not in use. They were larger than the "candlestick" and more popular. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 11 February 1876: Elisha Gray invents a liquid transmitter for use with a telephone but does not build one. Early telephones were locally powered, using either a dynamic transmitter or by the powering of a transmitter with a local battery. Wie die Erfindung des Telefons zeigt, zählen bei der wirtschaftlichen Verwertung einer Idee nicht nur Kreativität und Wissen, sondern auch Durchsetzungsvermögen und Glück. The following year, he made the first distanced phone call in history -- from Salem, Mass., to Boston -- and founded the Bell Telephone … When the telephone is not in use, the battery is recharged through contacts with the base unit. Telephone, an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the human voice. The Bell … "[19] The technology has spawned a new industry comprising many VoIP companies that offer services to consumers and businesses. These components are described in turn below. The patent 474,230 was granted 3 May 1892, after a 15-year delay because of litigation. In 2002, only 10% of the world's population used mobile phones and by 2005 that percentage had risen to 46%. For example, American engineer Elisha Gray had developed a prototype of a telephone model in 1876. He also worked on use of light to transmit sound, development of a metal detector, and heavier-than-air flight.
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