Hewitt (Massagetae)[121], B.S. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट सङ्घाते or “Jat Jhat Sanghate”. (see Jat DNA Genetics section). Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1939). Cordaux, R., R. Aunguer, G. Bentley, I. Nasidze, S.M. Using genetic markers and available descriptions of haplogroups from the Y-DNA phylogenetic tree, the geographic origins and migratory paths of their ancestors were traced. According to anthropologist Sunil K. Khanna, Jat population is estimated to be around 30 million (or 3 crore) in South Asia in 2010. Jutt has white feathers with red markings, and Jatt has reddish-brown feathers with white markings. [232] This means that the terms 'Jat' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. Inscribed-"and Indian from the Jat Tribe. The history of pre-Aurangzeb period reveals that they (the Jats) have shown in all times – whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali – the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him. In the mid-eighteenth century the Dalal Jats of Mandoti, Haryana, built the mud fort of Kuchesar in Uttar Pradesh.Mud fort of kuchesar famous for tourism now a days. [36] In another nod to the Mughal legacy, in the 1750s, Surajmal removed his own Jat brethren from positions of power and replaced them with a contingent of Mughal revenue officials from Delhi who proceeded to implement the Mughal scheme of collecting land-rent. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe such as, the Rhône-Alpes region of France, southern Sicily, southern Croatia, northern Serbia, parts of Poland and Ukraine. 24. Haplogroup R (28.5%): From somewhere in Central Asia, some descendants of the man carrying the M207 mutation on the Y chromosome headed south to arrive in India about 10,000 years ago (Wells, 2007). Jat Sikhs and Jat Muslims believe they are a ethnic group and race. Professor H. S. Willliams, The Historians' History of the World, 21 Vols., The Outlook Company, New York, 1905, Vol. Many recent DNA studies have provided scientific confirmation & proof that the Jats came from Ukraine, due to them having many Ukrainian DNA markers & Genes. The last caste census was conducted in 1931, which estimated Jats to be 8 million, mostly concentrated in India and Pakistan. The census in 1931 in India recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. [184], Gohad was handed over to Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between Marathas and Britishers. Which race are they? [248] Dr S.M. Rohtak district, which has a high density of Jat people, has the distinction of producing the highest number of Victoria Cross winners of any district in India. These influences include periods of conflict and periods of integration with Jat people, their social institutions and their culture. The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army[32]. [67] According to Irfan Habib, Jats were a "pastoral Chandala-like tribe" in Sindh during the 8th century. Rose, H. A., A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Reprinted by the Languages Dept., Patiala, Punjab, 1970, first published in 1883, pp. Dr. Vir Singh, ISBN 81-88629-17-0. Delhi, 2003, p. 25, G.C.Dwivedi: The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed, K.R. After Independence, it was incorporated into the newly-formed state of Rajasthan. This estimation is based on statistics of the last caste census and the population growth of the region. Nijjar, B. S. (2008). Only a subset of the over 900 million farmers in south Asia are Jats. The power of decision-making remained with elders and clan organizations.[58]. Identification of the Jats as Getae and Massagetae, DNA study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population, "NE Euro" fractions in DNA samples of Jats, Definition of Jat Status in Jat Blood Law, Linguistic and Religious Etymology of Jat, Inscriptions about Takshak and Jats by Col Tod, Online Books - Highly recommended Futher Reading, Calvin Kephart, Races of Mankind (Their Origin and Migration), Peter Owen Ltd., London, 1961. 362-363, (Vol. [207] founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. B.K. He accepted the patronage of Maharaja Suraj Mal. [29] During the heyday of Mughal rule, Jats had recognized rights. they have less reverence for hereditary right and a preference for elected headmen. [7], The Jat people are considered as the merged descendants of Indo-Aryans, Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat people.[8]. These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst Jats. Later it developed into an important Jat State that continued till Indian Independence. Mahil, Ujagir Singh (1954). [208] Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. 1, Reprinted by Sumit Publications, Delhi, 1985, first published in 1870, pp. [44] Deryck O. Lodrick estimates Jat population to be over 33 million (around 12 million and over 21 million in India and Pakistan, respectively) in South Asia in 2009 while noting the unavailability of precise statistics in this regard. The mythological account of Origin of Jats from Shiva's Locks was propounded by the author of Deva Samhita. 517k Followers, 286 Following, 977 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Prabhjot Singh (@jatt_prabhjot) Having read the mind of Parvati, Shiva said, "O mother of the world, I may tell you honestly the origin and exploits of the Jats about whom none else has so far revealed anything to you. The King nominated his sister Dassal (Duhsala), who governed them with wisdom. 2. The name of the Jat Raja Nahar Singh will always be highly regarded among those who became martyrs by participating in the First War of Indian Independence. Some of them are listed below and the reference with each name indicates source where it is written : Prof. Maheswari Prasad of Banaras Hindu University has written that one reason for non–occurrence of word Jat as such in ancient literature may be that they were formerly known by other names i.e. He also notes that some estimates put their total population in South Asia at approximately 43 million in 2009. The Jats had moved into the Gangetic Plain in two large migrations, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries respectively. [32], These communities of rising peasant-warriors were not well-established Indian castes,[33] but rather quite new, without fixed status categories, and with the ability to absorb older peasant castes, sundry warlords, and nomadic groups on the fringes of settled agriculture. The Jat people have traditionally been mainly agriculturalists and members of the military. Prof. B.S. 11-12. 2, 9,14. The Jat power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successors of Aurangzeb. A Study of History. Music of song 'Jatt De Khilaaf' by Raji Ft. Gurlez Akhtar is given by Beat Inspector. Atma Ram. A Study of History (2 ed.). Thakur Deshraj, Ram Swarup Joon and Dilip Singh Ahlawat have mentioned history of some of Jat gotras. There is mention of Jats in Deva Samhitā [228] II), 58 (Vol. [64][65] Sir Cunningham believes they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century. 6. We've got 45+ great wallpaper images hand-picked by our users. His estimation is based on a late 1980s population projection of Jats and the population growth of India and Pakistan. Gurudutta 2. ISBN 1605204366, 9781605204369. A decision to marry outside of the Jat community is PERMANENT (DNA) blood wise and can NEVER be undone for any potential children of that individual. mile and annual income Rs 1,63,00,000/-. The Bamraulia Jats moved to the region of Gwalior beyond the Chambal River. participants by email and text to notify the OPEN HOUSE is cancelled. If a Jat Man marries a Jat Woman in Jat Blood Law the children from that marriage are given Full Jat status (100% Jat) by Jat Blood Laws. Their ancestor was Rao Khewa. ISBN 3847205145, 9783847205142. [9] The community played an important role in the development of the martial Khalsa panth of Sikhism. [188], In 1669 this race of warrior-agriculturists, the Jats, rose against the narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of North India. 481-487. Deva Samhita,[225], [226], [227] is a collection of Sanskrit hymns by Gorakh Sinha during the early medieval period. Hewitt, J.F., The Ruling Races of Prehistoric Times in India, South-Western Asia and Southern Europe, Archibald Constable & Co., London, 1894, pp. Middle Eastern traders brought this genetic marker to the Indian subcontinent (Kerchner, 2013). The Jats have produced famous personalities in all the fields of life such as Rajas, Politicians, Generals, Administrators, Actors, Freedom fighters, Reformers, Technocrats, Players, Industrialists and Businessmen. Ed. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755.[209]. Ethnographic photograph of Jat zemindars (land owners) in Rajasthan, playing pachisi, 1874. [235] In Rajasthan the Jat people are a wealthy & rich section of society but the BJP in 1999 in order to win their votes gave them OBC for political reasons. Note: There are more Ancient Jat People Kingdoms in main article please do not add any new ones to this summary paragraph. [65] According to Santokh S. Anant, Jats, Rajputs, and Thakurs are at the top of the caste hierarchy in most of the north Indian villages, surpassing Brahmins. Rose, H.A., A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Reprinted by the Languages Dept., Patiala, Punjab, 1970, first published in 1883, pp. Archaeologists & writers have connected the name with that of the ancient Getae and Massagetae. Chandravanshi Kshatriyas known as Yadavas spread to Iran Sindh, Punjab, Saurashtra, Central India and Rajasthan. Download and listen to Gurnam Bhullar’s Jatt MP3 song from Jatt album in high-quality on Gaana.com. The British kept Gwalior with them and handed over Gohad to Jats in 1804. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1980, pp. [245], Main article: Jat Organizations Therefore, attributing the origins of this entire ethnic group to loosely defined ancient populations such as, Indo-Aryans or Indo-Scythians represents very broad generalities and cannot be supported. +. Essentially, the specific origin of these people has remained a matter of contention for a long time. Dilip Singh Ahlawat,[254] Ram Swarup Joon[255] etc. Nor was it thought possible to wage war against such a prince with any prospect of advantage. Sarkar, History of Auranzeb (Calcutta): 1912, I, Introduction, XXVIII f. K.R. They have a discrete and distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times.[9][10]. Yunus Jaffery:The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. [62], The Indian Army admitted in 2013 that the 150-strong Presidential Bodyguard comprises only people who are Hindu Jats, Jat Sikhs and Hindu Rajputs. Sir H.M. Elliot, Encyclopaedia of Caste, Customs, Rites and Superstitions of the Races of Northern India, Vol. A Flying Jatt provides clean entertainment - with its innocence, it evokes more Haathi Mere Saathi and less cool-cat Krrish. Many historians and academics have asserted that the Jats are descendants of Aryans, Scythians, or other ancient people that arrived and lived in northern India at one time. [216][217] These factors have affected and influenced the Jat people, their history and their culture. [35], By the mid-eighteenth century, the ruler of the recently established Jat kingdom of Bharatpur, Raja Surajmal, felt sanguine enough about durability to build a garden palace at nearby Dig (Deeg). Jat people have a history of being brave and ready fighters. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p.11-12, Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.63, Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.71, Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), Preface by Ram Niwas Mirdha in G.C. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. Jat historian Thakur Deshraj writes that the word Jat is derived from sanskrit word jñāta (ज्ञात). "Jat" and "Jats" redirect here. In case of the Jat people who generally do not have a respectable tradition of history writing, the paucity of any systematic and complete history from their side causes difficulties to a student of their history. Jat people follower many religions, these include Islam, Hinduism and Sikhism. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. The real cause of the Jat rebellion of 1669 lay deeper than have been assigned to it so far. Change of nomenclature is a part of the historical process. Origins And History Of Jats And Other Allied Nomadic Tribes Of India. [185] Sindhias could take over Gohad on 27 February 1806 with the help of Britishers. Longmans, Green, and co. p. 118. grandchildren or great grandchildren) to ever become Jat again (100 %). Greeks call themselves descendants of Krishna and Baladeva. The results showed that the sample population had several different lines of ancestry and emerged from at least nine different geographical regions of the world. [3][4][5][6] James Tod on the basis of earlier historical evidence enlisted them in the list of Thirty Six Royal Races of India. Whenever the occasion arose they beat their ploughshares into swords and taking advantage of decrepit political structure, they laid the foundations of political power under several tribal chiefs. [223] This narrative involving the mythological figures can not be regarded as a historical fact but would imply that the people designated as Jatts were present at the time of war of Mahabharata. In north-east the went upto Kashmir, Nepal, Bihar etc. 481. From this point begins the history of the princely state of Dholpur, a vassal of the British during the British Raj. Mursan state of Thenua Jats was located in the Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) district in Uttar Pradesh. This includes American Senator Satveer Chaudhary (the first South Asian senator in American history).[21]. It so happens that the Jats overpowered the distressing Meds. The famous Jat Regiment & the Gurkhas. Crooke, William. It has been mentioned of Jats were living in Arabia and being the earliest people of South Asian origin to become Muslims. Do Vaari Jatt Lyrics by Jordan Sandhu is latest punjabi song with music given by Desi Crew. A large number of Jatt people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. A strategy that is still used today (21st century) in Armies of South Asian countries e.g. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. [2][a][b][c] Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Dwivedi, The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Delhi, Ed. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, first published in 1928, pp. Jatt James Bond 2014 | TV-14 | 2h 21m | Punjabi-Language Movies Shinda loves Laali but can't have her, so he and his friends come up with an elaborate plan to solve all their problems and win her. 133-134. Jats share many common haplotypes with Ukrainian people, Germanic people, Slavic people, Baltic peoples, Iranian people, and Central Asian groups. Jatt song from Jatt album is composed by Vikrant Grooves, penned by Vicky Dhaliwal, and voiced by famous Punjabi singer Gurnam Bhullar. The Jat rulers of Gohad were awarded the title of Rana. Rawlinson, George (2010). The original home of the Jats was in Central Asia near the country we now call Ukraine. The Indo-Aryan origin of Jats has been advocated on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards by many historians like Ernest Binfield Havell,[42] Qanungo,[43] Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya,[44] Sir Herbert Risley,[45] Thakur Deshraj,[46], Dr Natthan Singh[47], Mangal Sen Jindal[48], etc. Sohrab asked Hujir about the heroes and war champions of Iran as under:[219][220][221], Majmal-ut-Tawarikh, the first Persian account of the 11th century (1026), refers an interesting legend about the Jat people and Meds. Read Learning Jat people's history to understand why Jat people regard it is so important to understand their culture and history. Refuting claims of discrimination, it said that this was for "functional" reasons rather than selection based on caste or religion. [24] Traditionally they have been a predominant political class in Punjab.[25]. [65], The Rajputs refused to accept Jat claims to Kshatriya status during the later years of the British Raj and this disagreement frequently resulted in violent incidents between the two communities. Therefore, marrying outside of one's Jat community is almost never done due to the seriousness of the outcome. Jatt 58 points 59 points 60 points 7 months ago From an interview that came out today with Licorice and ESPN, it sounds like C9 is still working out how their team operates without sneaky, but that Licorice and Blaber are doing a lot of the early game calls. The British Government concluded a treaty with Jats and with their help defeated Marathas and won back Gwalior and Gohad from them. [222]They settled there and in time Sind became flourishing. [35] They were not a caste in the usual Hindu sense, for example, in which Bhumihars of the eastern Gangetic plain were; rather they were an umbrella group of peasant-warriors. [23] Jat people in the Pakistan Army, especially in the Punjab Regiment (Pakistan), have also been highly decorated and won medals of the highest orders or bravery. [31] The Sikh and Jat rebellions were led by such small local zemindars, who had close association and family connections with each other and with the peasants under them, and who were often armed. This is one of the largest haplogroups in India and Pakistan. [132] Jat people have many surnames common to Central Asian & German people even to this day. Dr Ompal Singh Tugania: Jat samudāy ke pramukh Ādhār bindu, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2004. [211] According to another version stating descent from Jaisal, founder of the State of Jaisalmer in 1156, the founder of this Sikh dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. [35] According to historian Christopher Bayly, Men characterised by early eighteenth century Mughal records as plunderers and bandits preying on the imperial lines of communications had by the end of the century spawned a range of petty states linked by marriage alliance and religious practice.[35]. Many Jat Muslim people live in Pakistan and have dominant roles in public life in the Pakistani Punjab and Pakistan in general. During much of this time, non-elite tillers and pastoralists, such as the Jats or Ahirs, were part of a social spectrum that blended only indistinctly into the elite landowning classes at one end, and the menial or ritually polluting classes at the other. Volume 10. [11][12][13][14] Some historians consider Jats, along with Kayasthas and Gujars, out of purview of varna system. Looking for the best Jatt Wallpapers? Bingley, A. H., Handbooks for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled Under the Orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. Lahore served as his capital from 1799. Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998, Page-1, CV Vaidya, History of Medieval Hindu India, A K Mittal, 'Political and Cultural history of India', page 126, Rahul Sankrityan, 'Bauddha darshan', page 19, Dr Atul Singh Khokhar, 'Jāton kī utpati evaṃ vistār (Jart tarangiṇī)(Origin and expansion of Jats), page 113, , Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāt Yodhāon ke Balidān, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005, Pages 68-72, K P Jayaswal, 'An Imperial history of India C 700 BC – C 770 AD', , Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāt Yodhāon ke Balidān, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005, Pages 81-86, K P Jayaswal,An Imperial history of India C 700 BC – C 770 AD, , Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāt Yodhāon ke Balidān, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005, Pages 79-81, 110, Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. With Gippy Grewal, Zareen Khan, Gurpreet Ghuggi, Yashpal Sharma. Once blood membership of the Jat community is lost by becoming Half Jat (50 % Jat) or Non-Jat (0 % Jat), it is impossible for future descendents (e.g. The Sakas in India. Qanungo, History of the Jats, Ed. [229] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned ‘Jartas’ in ‘Karna Parva’. India & Russia: linguistic & cultural affinity. When a Jat goes wild, only God himself, can stop him. [66] According to Indera P. Singh, Brahmins demoted the varna status of Jats from Kshatriya to Sat Shudra (clean Shudra) in the Vedic period for challenging the authority of Brahmins. The Jats established a reputation of being determined and sturdy. The Tewatia Jat Sardar Gopal Singh left Janauli (in Palwal)in 1705 and got settled at Sihi, a village of Tewatia Jats in Ballabgarh at a distance of about 5 kms from Ballabhgarh. [242] They are fiercely independent in character and value their self respect more than anything, which is why they offered heavy resistance against any foreign force that treated them unjustly. The founders of the princely state of Ballabhgarh were Tewatia Jats, who had come from village Janauli, which is more than 2000 years old. It also became evident that the Jats did not have a unique set of genes, but shared an underlying genetic unity with several other ethnic communities in the Indian subcontinent. Bingley, A.H., Handbooks for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled Under the Orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. by, Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and NWFP, H A Rose. [198], The Jat rebellion of 1669 was essentially the result of the political provocation aggravated by the economic discontent and set ablaze by the religious persecution. An uninformed view is that Jat is a farmer-caste (caste = social group) but Jat is really a race (race = ethnic group). 12-13. Patiala was a state of Siddhu Jatts ancestry in Punjab. किष्किन्धाकाण्डे द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः ॥४-४२॥ in Ramayana mentions Jat in Sanskrit as under: Rajatarangini[233] tells that Jaṭṭa (जट्ट), the minister for peace and war of the lord of Dārvvābhisāra, and prone to pious work, set up the image of the eight faced Mahadeva during the reign of king Jayasimha (1128 - 1155 AD). 11-12. [22] The Arab rulers, though professing a theologically egalitarian religion, the position of Jats or the discriminatory practices against them that had been put in place in the long period of Hindu rule in Sind. Rishi, Weer Rajendra (1982). Rana Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805. 26-35. [240] Whenever they lost their kingdoms, Jat people retired to the country-side and became landed barons and the landlords with their swords girded round their waists. Bhaleram Beniwal: Jāt Yodhaon ke Balidān, Jaypal Agencies, Agra 2005, Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihasa (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd, Dilip Singh Ahlawat: Jat viron ka Itihasa, Ram Swarup Joon: History of the Jats, Rohtak, India (1938, 1967), Shanti Parva Mahabharata Book XII Chapter 82, किष्किन्धाकाण्डे द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः ॥४-४२॥, Chapter 7 Catalogue of the Thirty Six Royal Races, Historical Evidence Chapter 1:Scythic Origin of the Rajput Race by Mulchand Chauhan, Army's Jat Regiment Best Marching Contingent in Republic Day 2007 Parade | India Defence, http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2849, http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-4/bajwa.html, The Jats:Their Origin, Antiquity and Migrations, On the Role of Jats in Northern India's Ethnic History, Israel's Tribes Today - The Two Houses of Israel Information Center, YHRD - Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database, Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins, What the Harappa Ancestry Project has resolved, Bijayagadh Stone Pillar Inscription of Vishnuvardhana, Mandasor Pillar Inscription of Yashodharman, Kings of Kashmira Vol 2 (Rajatarangini of Kalhana)/Book VIII (i), Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Rajasthan (National Commission for Backward Classes), BBC: Why the Gujjars are so aggrieved, May 31, 2007, Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Gujarat(National Commission for Backward Classes), Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Madhya Pradesh (National Commission for Backward Classes), जाट वीरों का इतिहास - लेखक दलीपसिंह अहलावत, वीरभूमि हरयाणा - लेखक स्वामी ओमानन्द सरस्वती, Where west meets east: the complex mtDNA landscape of the southwest and Central Asian corridor, Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Introduction to haplogroups and haplotypes, http://www.le.ac.uk/genetics/maj4/SurnamesForWeb.pdf, High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from Central Asia and West Asia into India, The human Y chromosome: an evolutionary marker comes of age|accessdate=2006-04-21, Minimal Sharing of Y-Chromosome STR Haplotypes Among Five Endogamous Population Groups from Western and Southwestern India, Negligible Male Gene Flow Across Ethnic Boundaries in India, Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosomal DNA Polymorphisms, Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area, Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe, Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations, Genomic diversities and affinities among four endogamous groups of Punjab (India) based on autosomal and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios, Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists, The Vikings and Baron Dupuytren’s disease, The Genetic or Mythical Ancestry of Descent Groups: Lessons from the Y Chromosome, The Jats - Their Role in the Mughal Empire, Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins David G. Mahal and Ianis G. Matsoukas, Click here to read about: The Scythians history on the Sikh road, Jat Community Online Directory & Monthly Magzine, http://www.jatland.com/w/index.php?title=Jats&oldid=488461.
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